- Convection
- Conduction
- Radiation
Convection can only happen in liquids and gases. Solids can not convect! Convection is the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid/gas from place to place
Conduction is transferring energy through matter with a direct contact of particles. Particles are always moving(according to the kinetic theroy), and the transfer of the thermal energy happens when these always moving particles collide with each other.
Radiation is the transfer of energy from electromagnetic waves. Radiation can pass through solids, liquids, and gases. It also does not need matter, or direct contact to travel. When radiation hits a material some of the energy is absorbed, reflected, or transmitted through the atmosphere. Light colored materials reflect more energy than dark ones. *When a material absorbs radiant energy, its thermal energy increases.
First Law of Thermodynamics: says the thermal energy of a system= the work done on the system+the heat added to the system. Basically it says that energy can be transformed, or converted into something else, but it can never be created or destroyed.
Second Law of Thermodynamics: says that is it impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done. Ex) An ice cube can turn to ice without work being done, but water can't turn into an ice cube unless work is done.
